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Centria Guide for Thesis and Academic Writing

Publication has two or more authors

Two authors
 

If the source has two authors, the last names of both authors are mentioned when referring to the source. 

Lumijärvi and Kela (2014, 5) state that...

 

Three or more authors
 

If the reference has three or more authors, the last names of all authors are given in the first in-text reference to that source.

Lumijärvi, Kiiskinen and Särkilahti (2014, 21–22) have studied...

 

However, in later references to the same source, only the last name of the first author is given, followed by the abbreviation et al. meaning “and others”.

Further, Lumijärvi et al. (2014, 23–24) argue that...