Personal communication, such as interviews with experts, e-mail correspondence and phone calls, are marked in detail in the list of references, following the same principles as other sources.
For e-mail messages, the subject line and the receiver of the message are written out.
Emmes, M. 2020. Opening hours of the student affairs office. Private e-mail message. 2 Jan 2020. Receiver Jeremi Lutakko.
Erkkilä, P. 2014. Interview with Communications Manager 1 April 2014. Digital Equipment Corporation Oy. Helsinki.
Haikola, A. 2016. Personal communication, phone call. 24 Jan 2016.
Paajanen, P. 2015. Personal communication with principal lecturer in Business Management at Centria UAS, discussion. 20 Jan 2015.
Below is an example of a lecture, which is a secondary source. Secondary sources should be avoided.
Finell, P. 2025. Introduction to Business Law. Business Law BM00AL88-3006. Lecture in Centria UAS 14 Jan 2025.
